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Narratology & storytelling

External conflict

A struggle against another person, a social force or the environment that obstructs a character's goal.

External conflict places a character's goal in opposition to someone or something outside them. An opponent, institution, storm or shortage of supplies can create this resistance.

Obstacles gain force when they demand a new response. Repeating the same setback without changing its consequences can stall a story. An external struggle may also expose an internal one, such as the choice between survival and loyalty.

Example

To deliver the medicine, the driver must cross a valley whose bridge has washed away.

In the workshop

Identify the obstacle and what changes after each attempt.

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